当1）培训数据集的类别分布P（Y）时，机器学习模型无法在现实世界应用程序上表现良好。现有方法无法处理存在两个问题的方案，但是对于现实世界应用程序来说，这很常见。在这项研究中，我们向前迈出了一步，研究了域转移下的长尾分类问题。我们设计了三个新颖的核心功能块，包括分布校准的分类损失，视觉语义映射和语义相似性引导性增强。此外，我们采用了一个元学习框架，该框架集成了这三个区块，以改善对看不见的目标域的域概括。为此问题提出了两个新的数据集，称为AWA2-LTS和Imagenet-LTS。我们在两个数据集上评估了我们的方法，并且广泛的实验结果表明，我们提出的方法可以比最新的长尾/域概括方法和组合实现优越的性能。源代码和数据集可以在我们的项目页面https://xiaogu.site/ltds上找到。

我们提出了一种新的方法，用于从室内环境中的RGB-D序列进行连接3D多对象跟踪和重建。为此，我们在每个帧中检测并重建对象，同时预测密集的对应关系映射到归一化对象空间中。我们利用这些对应关系来告知图神经网络，以解决所有对象的最佳，时间一致的7-DOF姿势轨迹。我们方法的新颖性是两个方面：首先，我们提出了一种基于图的新方法，用于随着时间的流逝而进行区分姿势估计，以学习最佳的姿势轨迹。其次，我们提出了沿时间轴的重建和姿势估计的联合公式，以实现健壮和几何一致的多对象跟踪。为了验证我们的方法，我们引入了一个新的合成数据集，其中包含2381个唯一室内序列，总共有60k渲染的RGB-D图像，用于多对象跟踪，并带有移动对象和来自合成3D-Front数据集的相机位置。我们证明，与现有最新方法相比，我们的方法将所有测试序列的累积MOTA得分提高了24.8％。在关于合成和现实世界序列的几个消融中，我们表明我们的基于图的完全端到端学习方法可以显着提高跟踪性能。

迄今为止，迄今为止，众所周知，对广泛的互补临床相关任务进行了全面比较了医学图像登记方法。这限制了采用研究进展，以防止竞争方法的公平基准。在过去五年内已经探讨了许多新的学习方法，但优化，建筑或度量战略的问题非常适合仍然是开放的。 Learn2reg涵盖了广泛的解剖学：脑，腹部和胸部，方式：超声波，CT，MRI，群体：患者内部和患者内部和监督水平。我们为3D注册的培训和验证建立了较低的入境障碍，这帮助我们从20多个独特的团队中汇编了65多个单独的方法提交的结果。我们的互补度量集，包括稳健性，准确性，合理性和速度，使得能够独特地位了解当前的医学图像登记现状。进一步分析监督问题的转移性，偏见和重要性，主要是基于深度学习的方法的优越性，并将新的研究方向开放到利用GPU加速的常规优化的混合方法。

神经网络在医疗图像分割任务上的成功通常依赖于大型标记的数据集用于模型培训。但是，由于数据共享和隐私问题，获取和手动标记大型医疗图像集是资源密集的，昂贵的，有时是不切实际的。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一个通用的对抗数据增强框架Advchain，旨在提高培训数据对医疗图像分割任务的多样性和有效性。 AdvChain通过动态数据增强来增强数据，从而产生随机链接的光线像和几何转换，以类似于现实而又具有挑战性的成像变化以扩展训练数据。通过在培训期间共同优化数据增强模型和分割网络，可以生成具有挑战性的示例，以增强下游任务的网络可推广性。所提出的对抗数据增强不依赖生成网络，可以用作通用分割网络中的插件模块。它在计算上是有效的，适用于低声监督和半监督学习。我们在两个MR图像分割任务上分析和评估该方法：心脏分割和前列腺分割具有有限的标记数据。结果表明，所提出的方法可以减轻对标记数据的需求，同时提高模型泛化能力，表明其在医学成像应用中的实际价值。

Accurate determination of a small molecule candidate (ligand) binding pose in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more accurate pose generation using molecular dynamics is hindered by slow protein dynamics. We develop a tiered tensor transform (3T) algorithm to rapidly generate diverse protein-ligand complex conformations for both pose and affinity estimation in drug screening, requiring neither machine learning training nor lengthy dynamics computation, while maintaining both coarse-grain-like coordinated protein dynamics and atomistic-level details of the complex pocket. The 3T conformation structures we generate are closer to experimental co-crystal structures than those generated by docking software, and more importantly achieve significantly higher accuracy in active ligand classification than traditional ensemble docking using hundreds of experimental protein conformations. 3T structure transformation is decoupled from the system physics, making future usage in other computational scientific domains possible.

Feature selection helps reduce data acquisition costs in ML, but the standard approach is to train models with static feature subsets. Here, we consider the dynamic feature selection (DFS) problem where a model sequentially queries features based on the presently available information. DFS is often addressed with reinforcement learning (RL), but we explore a simpler approach of greedily selecting features based on their conditional mutual information. This method is theoretically appealing but requires oracle access to the data distribution, so we develop a learning approach based on amortized optimization. The proposed method is shown to recover the greedy policy when trained to optimality and outperforms numerous existing feature selection methods in our experiments, thus validating it as a simple but powerful approach for this problem.

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we take the role of investigators who want to trace the attack and identify the source, that is, the particular model which the adversarial examples are generated from. Techniques derived would aid forensic investigation of attack incidents and serve as deterrence to potential attacks. We consider the buyers-seller setting where a machine learning model is to be distributed to various buyers and each buyer receives a slightly different copy with same functionality. A malicious buyer generates adversarial examples from a particular copy $\mathcal{M}_i$ and uses them to attack other copies. From these adversarial examples, the investigator wants to identify the source $\mathcal{M}_i$. To address this problem, we propose a two-stage separate-and-trace framework. The model separation stage generates multiple copies of a model for a same classification task. This process injects unique characteristics into each copy so that adversarial examples generated have distinct and traceable features. We give a parallel structure which embeds a ``tracer'' in each copy, and a noise-sensitive training loss to achieve this goal. The tracing stage takes in adversarial examples and a few candidate models, and identifies the likely source. Based on the unique features induced by the noise-sensitive loss function, we could effectively trace the potential adversarial copy by considering the output logits from each tracer. Empirical results show that it is possible to trace the origin of the adversarial example and the mechanism can be applied to a wide range of architectures and datasets.

Video Super-Resolution (VSR) aims to restore high-resolution (HR) videos from low-resolution (LR) videos. Existing VSR techniques usually recover HR frames by extracting pertinent textures from nearby frames with known degradation processes. Despite significant progress, grand challenges are remained to effectively extract and transmit high-quality textures from high-degraded low-quality sequences, such as blur, additive noises, and compression artifacts. In this work, a novel Frequency-Transformer (FTVSR) is proposed for handling low-quality videos that carry out self-attention in a combined space-time-frequency domain. First, video frames are split into patches and each patch is transformed into spectral maps in which each channel represents a frequency band. It permits a fine-grained self-attention on each frequency band, so that real visual texture can be distinguished from artifacts. Second, a novel dual frequency attention (DFA) mechanism is proposed to capture the global frequency relations and local frequency relations, which can handle different complicated degradation processes in real-world scenarios. Third, we explore different self-attention schemes for video processing in the frequency domain and discover that a ``divided attention'' which conducts a joint space-frequency attention before applying temporal-frequency attention, leads to the best video enhancement quality. Extensive experiments on three widely-used VSR datasets show that FTVSR outperforms state-of-the-art methods on different low-quality videos with clear visual margins. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/researchmm/FTVSR.

Due to the issue that existing wireless sensor network (WSN)-based anomaly detection methods only consider and analyze temporal features, in this paper, a self-supervised learning-based anomaly node detection method based on an autoencoder is designed. This method integrates temporal WSN data flow feature extraction, spatial position feature extraction and intermodal WSN correlation feature extraction into the design of the autoencoder to make full use of the spatial and temporal information of the WSN for anomaly detection. First, a fully connected network is used to extract the temporal features of nodes by considering a single mode from a local spatial perspective. Second, a graph neural network (GNN) is used to introduce the WSN topology from a global spatial perspective for anomaly detection and extract the spatial and temporal features of the data flows of nodes and their neighbors by considering a single mode. Then, the adaptive fusion method involving weighted summation is used to extract the relevant features between different models. In addition, this paper introduces a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to solve the long-term dependence problem of the time dimension. Eventually, the reconstructed output of the decoder and the hidden layer representation of the autoencoder are fed into a fully connected network to calculate the anomaly probability of the current system. Since the spatial feature extraction operation is advanced, the designed method can be applied to the task of large-scale network anomaly detection by adding a clustering operation. Experiments show that the designed method outperforms the baselines, and the F1 score reaches 90.6%, which is 5.2% higher than those of the existing anomaly detection methods based on unsupervised reconstruction and prediction. Code and model are available at https://github.com/GuetYe/anomaly_detection/GLSL

With the increase in health consciousness, noninvasive body monitoring has aroused interest among researchers. As one of the most important pieces of physiological information, researchers have remotely estimated the heart rate (HR) from facial videos in recent years. Although progress has been made over the past few years, there are still some limitations, like the processing time increasing with accuracy and the lack of comprehensive and challenging datasets for use and comparison. Recently, it was shown that HR information can be extracted from facial videos by spatial decomposition and temporal filtering. Inspired by this, a new framework is introduced in this paper to remotely estimate the HR under realistic conditions by combining spatial and temporal filtering and a convolutional neural network. Our proposed approach shows better performance compared with the benchmark on the MMSE-HR dataset in terms of both the average HR estimation and short-time HR estimation. High consistency in short-time HR estimation is observed between our method and the ground truth.